Sheikh Issa became the first ruler of ‘Maler’ that was inhabited by Baba Hazrat Sheikh in 1515A.D. He was born in 1476 A.D. As Sheikh Issa was intellectual and fearless right from his childhood. So Baba Hazrat Sheikh had already decided during his lifetime that among all his children, he would be his successor. Thus according to his father’s wish, Sheikh Issa established his rule over the town of Maler. In 1493A.D Sheikh Issa got married to the daughter of Rai Suba Khan of Sonipat. After taking over the rule, Sheikh Issa Khan had to face opposition from his family members as well as other estates, but he wisely established his control and proved to be a good ruler. Sheikh Issa breathed his last in 1538 A.D at the age of 60 years. Before his death he appointed his only son Khan Muhammad Shah as his successor.

In 1538A.D Khan Muhammad Shah became the ruler of ‘Maler’. After ascending the throne Khan Muhammad Shah had to face the opposition by his Elder Uncle’s (Tayya) sons, who considered themselves as the heir to the throne. Their names were Mirza Khan and Suleman Khan. They killed Amir-e-Malerkotla (Mir Faisali), who had been appointed by Delhi government to ovrsee Malerkotla. At that time Humayun was the ruler of Delhi. As the result of Mir Faisali’s murder Humayun took away the whole estate of Khan Muhammad Shah.
Fortunately, after some time Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri and the throne of Delhi was ascended by Sher Shah Suri. Taking advantage of the Pathan rule in Delhi, Khan Muhammad Shah

approached the Subedar of Sirhind. As a result he was once again given the authority to rule the ‘Maler’ state. But all this affected his health very much and he died in 1545 A.D. He had three sons Khawaja Maudood Khan (Khan Muhammad Ishaaq Khan), Shah Mansoor Khan and Sheikh Abdullah (Shah Muhammad Abdullah Khan).

After the death of Khan Muhammad Shah, his eldest son Khawaja Maudood Khan (Ishaaq Khan) ascended the throne in 1545 A.D. He was married in a Rajput family of Bazidpur and was very calm natured person. During his reign he always tried to keep ties with his annoyed relatives. He proved to be a very wise and took accurate decisions according to the situation. He successfully tried to remain neutral about the conflict between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun during his reign. Though he was very close to Sher Shah Suri but when Humayun ascended the throne of India again, he successfully got his approval.

Khawaja Maudood Khan breathed his last in 1566 A.D. He had two sons Khan Fateh Muhammad Khan and Abdur Rajaq Khan. The trone went to his elder son Khan Fateh Muhammad Khan.

Fateh Muhammad Khan became the ruler of ‘Maler’ in 1566 A.D. He was very calm and hard working by nature. After ascending the throne, he tried to improve the treasury of the state. Barren lands were made fertile during his reign. Crimes like theft and bribery were put to stop and mutual discords were settled. His administrative abilities greately impressed the Subedar of Sirhind. Pleased with Fateh Muhammad the Subedar of Sirhind gave him the authority to collect the taxes from the nearby areas also.

Fateh Muhammad’s first marriage was solemnized with a Rajput girl from the village Jhal. He didn’t have any child from this marriage. After this his second marriage was solemnized with an Afghan girl from Ropar, they had a son Bayzid Ali khan who was born in 1593 A.D. After him another son, Muhammad Bahawal Khan was born. Both his sons were the age of 7 and 5 when Fateh Muhammad khan died in 1600 A.D.

After the sudden demise of Fateh Muhammad Khan in 1600 A.D. his elder son Bayzid Ali Khan was chosen as his successor, but till the time he turned 24 the entire state was looked after by his mother, who was a very intelligent and brave Afghan lady.

Upon being young, Bayzid Ali Khan took over his responsibility over the state. He proved to be a wise ruler of his times who was able to win the praise by the emperor of Delhi Aurangzeb Alamgir. With the permission of emperor Aurangzeb he built a fort ‘Kotla’ near ‘Maler’, he also inhabited the fort ‘Kotla’. Later on both ‘Maler’ and ‘kotla’ combined to form the name of the city, which was first named as ‘Kotla Maler’ in 1656-57 A.D, but with the passage of time it became Malerkotla.

Bayzid Ali khan not only established ‘Kotla’ near ‘Maler’ but he also added to many other constructive contributions. Actually ‘Kotla’ refers to a walled habitat. Bayzid Khan built fortified walls (Khamads) around Kotla. These these 7 gates were also placed. These gates were named Sirhindi Gate, Mandi Gate, Maleri Gate, Dhabi Gate, Sherwani Gate, Sunami Gate and Delhi Gate.

Bayzid Ali khan also performed many government duties assigned by Emperor Aurangzeb. Pleased with Bayzid Ali Khan’s services Emperor Aurangzeb not only permitted Bayzid to expand his territory, but also in 1657 A.D, he was the first ruler to be given the title of ‘Nawab’ with his name as well as those who would be his successors. After this in 1658A.D, Nawab Bayzid Ali Khan was given the titles of, ‘Asad-Ulla-Jung’ and ‘Saif- Ul-Mulak’ by emperor Aurangzeb. Nawab Bayzid Ali khan breathed his last in 1659A.D. The place where he was buried after death is now known by the name of Muhalla Baradari and the people of the city remember Saif Ul Mulak Nawab Bayzid Ali Khan as Baba Wajid Shah.

Nawab Bayzid Ali Khan had five sons from two wives; their names are Firoz Khan, Hussain khan, Birbal Khan, Sarwar Khan and Muhammad Ikhtiaar Khan.

Nawab Firoz Khan ascended the throne of Malerkotla in 1659, after the death of his father Nawab Bayzid Ali khan. After assuming his duties, like his father he also maintained good relations with the Mughal Government as well as his neighboring states. He along with the soldiers of Hindustan participated in a war against Ruhelas. He performed many administrative developments in his kingdom during his reign. Unfortunately he died in 1672 A.D, just three years after becoming Nawab. Though Firoz Khan ruled Malerkotla for a very little period of time but he left behind him two such brave sons who can never be forgotten in the history. Their names were Sher Muhammad Khan and Khawaja Khijjar Muhammad Khan.

Sher Muhammad Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla state in 1672A.D. He was born in 1640 A.D. After ascending the throne he paid great attentionsion towardsthe development of his state. He fought many battles along with Aurangzeb and received more than 70 villages as Jagir. From this Jagir, Sher Muhammad Khan developed a town named ‘Sherpur’. He also made a fort in his name at this town. Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan did many administrative and public welfare works during his reign. He especially made developments in the army of the state, from which the state of Malerkotla was benefitted from time to time.

The name of Sher Muhammad Khan holds aspecial place in the history of Punjab.During his reign (1672 A.D to 1712 A.D)a historic battle took place between the Sikhs and the Mughals. On the orders of the Emperor Aurangzeb, Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan also had to participate in this war against the Sikhs. In this war his brother Khijjar Muhammad Khan and his cousin Nahar Khan were killed in the hands of Sikhs. Despite all this he distanced himself from this war when in 1704 A.D the two sahibzadas of Guru Gobind Singh; Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh were ordered to be bricked alive in the walls by Mughal Faujdaar Wajir Khan. At this time Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan raised his voice againt this atrocity that in Islam it is not permissible to take a father’s revenge from his innocent children. In order to save the innocent children, he also wrote a letter to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, but he could not save the children.

After this incident his respect increased immensely in the eyes of the Sikh community. This incident is remembered in history as, “Haa Da Nara”. Even today the Nawab of Malerkotla Sher Muhammad Shah is remembered with great honor and respect by the Sikh community. It is also believed that after this Guru Gobind Singh gifted a sword to Nawab Malerkotla Sher Muhammad Khan. This sword is still kept with honor by the last Nawab of Malerkotla Iftikhaar Ali Khan’s second wife Munawar- Un- Nissa Begum.

In 1712A.D. Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan fell ill and breathed his last. He was buried in the royal tombs. He had eight sons, Ghulam Hussain Khan, Jamaal Khan, Mirza Khan, Azim Khan, Fateh Ali Khan, Akbar Ali Khan, Ghulam Ali Khan and Ghulam Rasool Khan. Among them all Ghulam Hussain Khan was the eldest. After his father’s death in 1712 A.D he became the Nawab of the Ryasat.

Nawab Ghulam Hussain Khan became the ruler of Malerkotla in 1712 A.D. He had only been in power for a short while when Usman Yar Khan attacked the state of Malerkotla, but soon peace was made between him and Nawab Ghulam Hussain Khan.

Like his father Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan, Ghulam Hussain Khan was also keen to maintain good relations with the Sikh princely states, but his sons did not think so. They did not trust the Sikh community thinking that after coming into power the Sikhs would not harm the state of Malerkotla. With this fear in mind they started pressurizing their father Nawab Ghulam Hussain Khan to build faseel (Walls) around Malerkotla in order to save the state from the Sikhs. But Ghulam Hussain Khan did not agree to it. He had utter faith on the Sikh community that they would not harm the state in any way. After all such differences between father and sons the tension over several issues exaggerated so much that Ghulam Hussain Khan started hating his sons and decided to renounce. He had eight sons but did not consider even one out of them to be eligible for his throne and handed over the responsibility of the state to his younger brother Jamal Khan in 1717A.D. For his family Ghulam Hussain Khan kept a small estate of five villages which is still known by the name ‘Panj Garai’.

Nawab Jamal Khan ascended the throne of Malerkotla in 1717 A.D. After taking over the reins of the government Nawab Jamal Khan proved to be an efficient ruler. During his time the state had become independent from the influence of the Mughal rule of Delhi. The Mughals were left with very negligible control over him. Nawab Jamal Khan developed a new estate, which was named Jamalpur. Walls were built around Jamalpur and various colonies were established inside it. Jailkhana, kotwali and other offices related to government issues were also established.

The Sikhs community during his time had become even more powerful and began clashes with the Nawab. Shortly after his accession on the throne, he had a fierce clash with Raja Ala Singh of Patiala at Sanghera. The sons of Nawab Ghulam Hussain Khan also took part in the clash. Though Nawab Jamal Khan was victorious in the beginning of the war but in the end he had to withdraw. As a result he lost control over the area of Sanghera and Handiaye. In 1747 A.D. a letter was written to him by Ahmed Shah Durani (Abdali) in order to expel the Sikhs from the area between Satluj and Sirhind. He accomplished this task very efficiently. Pleased with his service Ahmed Shah granted him khillat and gave him the title of ‘Rustam-e-Hind’.

When there was clash between the Raja of Raikot and Raja of Patiala Amar Singh, Jamal khan tried to take advantage and get back his lost territory from the Patiala state. He sided with Raikot. But fate did not favor him. After some time he had another clash with Raja Ala Singh of Patiala in which he was defeated near Barnala and he lost the area of Barnala. But he captured Machhiwara and Ropar. After Ahmed Shah left Hindustan in 1761 A.D, Adina Begh along with the Sikhs attacked Ropar. In defence of Ropar, Jamal Khan sided with Zain Khan, the Subedar of Sirhind and to suppress this rebellion he himself led the army. But in 1755 A.D. Jamal Khan was hit by a bullet in this war and he died in the battlefield. His deadbody was brought to Malerkotla by a loyal soldier of the army.   

After the death of Nawab Jamal Khan, his elder son Bhikham Khan became the Nawab in 1762A.D. At that time the relations of Malerkotla with Sikh community were that like a game of chess. Sometimes good and at times bad. When Ahmed Shah Durani attacked Hindustan again, Nawab Bhikham Khan supported Ahmed Shah. He was an intelligent and foresighted king. He made Ahmed Shah Durani aware of the internal situations in India. At that time the ruler of Jallandhar Doaba Adina Begh along with the Sikhs started harassing Bhikham Khan. Bhikham Khan feared that like other states, his state would also be the next target of the Sikhs. Therefore in order to take revenge from his enemies he along with Jain Khan the Faujdaar of Sirhind helped Ahmed Shah Duri In the battle of Kup (Ghallukara).

          He was able to take back some part of the princely state of Malerkotla, which came under the control of the Sikhs during the timhe of Ahmed Shah. He was the first Nawab of Malerkotla to get Ahmed Shah’s approval for his own coin. He also established a village named Bhikhi. When Ahmed Shah Durani went back to Afghanistan after winning the battle of Panipat against Marathas, the king of Patiala state in order to take revenge attacked Bhikham Khan thinking him weak. The two states fought battle at Kala Jhaar near Samana. Bhikham Khan was defeated in this battle. When in 1763A.D, he was coming back to Malerkotla from the battle field, on the way he was shot by an unidentified person. Bhikham Khan died on the spot. His body was brought to Malerkotla and was buried in the Makbras of the state.

After the death of Nawab Bhikham Khan of Malerkotla, there was a dispute between his sons Wajir Khan, Fateh Khan and his brother Bahadur Khan. Since Bhikham Khan’s sons were still minor, therefore Bahadur Khan succeeded in getting the throne in 1764A.D. But the royal treasury remained under the control of Bhikham Khan’s wife Nadira Begum. Nadira Begum never recognized him as a Nawab instead she with the help of Raja Ala Singh of Patiala captured the area under the ryasat of Bahadur Khan. Taking advantage of the family dispute the Ryasat Patiala attacked Malerkotla. Bahadur Khan was already a victim of domestic dispute, the attack of Patiala Ryasat added to his troubles. As a result of this, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Raja Amar Singh of Patiala captured the areas of Jarg, Payal, and Issru which were under Malerkotla. Now Nawab was left with only Malerkotla, Jamalpur and a few other villages.

          In 1766A.D. Nawab Bahadur Khan had a battle with Raja Amar Singh of Patiala. In an attempt to reclaim the area of Jarg he was killed near the area named Jhaal. He was only 30 years old at that time. He was buried in the royal Makbras. He had two sons Himmat Khan and Daler Khan but the throne went to his brother Umar Khan.

In 1766A.D. Umar Khan ascended the throne of Malerkotla. As soon as he assumed the power, the Patiala state started harassing him. During this both the states continued many little and big battles with each other. To stop the everyday battles and bloodshed in these battles, the Nawab of Raikot concluded a treaty between the two states.

          The benefit of this treaty was that 74 villages were given back to the state by Maharaja Patiala. The treaty also agreed that both states would help each other. After this Umar Khan ruled for a very long period but he did not face any problems due to the external attacks. To end the domestic dispute also he convinced Nawab Bhikham Khan’s wife Nadira Begum. With his good behavior, he united all the members of his family. In this way he proved to be a worthy ruler of Malerkotla. Nawab Umar Khan breathed his last on 1 November, 1780 A.D.

 In 1780 Nawab Umar Khan’s brother Asadullah Khan became the ruler of Malerkotla. He was the son of Nawab Jamal Khan’s second wife Sultan Begum and was a very peaceful person. During the reign of Nawab Asadullah Khan the state of Malerkotla maintained peaceful relations with the Patiala state as well as the other neighboring states. He like his brother maintained good relations with Patiala, Jind and Raikot.

Unfortunately it did not rain at all in 1783A.D. The crops were destroyed due to draught. Nawab Asadullah had not yet recovered from this situation when the next year i.e 1784 A.D. his only son Muhammad Ali Khan died. This shock broke the Nawab completely. After some time on 1 November 1784, Asadulla Khan also died.

After the death of Nawab Asadullah Khan in 1784 A.D. the throne came to Nawab Jamal Khan’s younger son Attaullah Khan. His nephew Wajir Khan who was now young considered himself to be the rightful heir to the throne but the Nawab of Raikot intervened between the two and made Attaullah Khan and his nephew Wajir Khan compromise with each other.   

          Attaullah Khan’s initial time was very challenging. As soon as he ascended the throne he had to resolve a dispute between the Sardar Chuhar Singh of Bhadour and the king of Patiala. With the intermediation of Attaullah Khan the two states signed a treaty. But despite the agreement the king of Patiala went back on his words. Chuhar Singh got angry and attacked the Kanganwal area of Malerkotla and took control over it, which Attaullah Khan won back after fighting. Attaullah Khan requested the King of Patiala and got seven villages for Chuhar Singh.

When King Sahab Singh of Patiala turned against Diwan Nanu Mall, Nanu Mall was forced to leave the state of Patiala. His whole property was taken away and his relatives were removed from their positions. He took refuge with Karam Singh of Shahbad. Later on he came to Malerkotla.With the consent of Attaullah Khan he merged his army with the army of Malerkotla started preparing for the war against Patiala. Nawab Malerkotla also joined hands with him because he too wanted to take back his lost territories from Patiala. In 1792A.D upon the advice of the fugitive Diwan Nanu Mall of Patiala Attaullah Khan in order to take back his lost territories attacked the state of Patiala. The Nawab Malerkotla was badly defeated in this battle near Khanpur. Later on there was conciliation between Malerkotla and Patiala. Nawab Maletkotla did not hand over Nanu Mall to Ryasat Patiala. After some time Sardar Bedi Sahib Singh announced religious- war against Malerkotla on the issue of slaughtering cows and laid siege to the state. On this occasion Nawab Attaullah Khan wrote a letter to Maharaja Patiala asking for help. By the time the forces from Patiala came for help Bedi Sahib Singh was wounded by a bullet and so he had left the siege.

After the Marathas came to Punjab In 1803A.D, Nawab Attaullah Khan helped the British with his entire army. After sometime in 1808A.D, the princely states of Malerkotla and Patiala had to face the attacks of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. After ousting the King of Raikot, Maharaja Ranjit singh moved towards Malerkotla. Till this time he had spread throughout Punjab.

When Nawab Attaullah Khan was surrounded by these difficulties on one hand on the other hand was his nephew Wajir Khan (son of Bhikham Khan) presenting his claim to Sir David Ochterlony that he was the real heir to the throne of Malerkotla. Since he was minor at the time of his father’s death so his uncles took the power forcefully, this should now be given to him. This matter wasn’t yet resolved when Attaullah Khan died in 1809 A.D. In this way Nawab Attaullah Khan’s most of the succession time was spent in resolving the disputes and wars. He also built a grand fort to save Malerkotla from the external attackes. This fort was named Rehmatgarh in the name of his son Rehmat Ali Khan. This fort still stands today but due to lack of maintenance has turned into ruins.

After the death of Nawab Attullah Khan there was a fierce quarrel between his son Rehmat Ali Khan and his nephew Wajir Khan over the issue of accession. Ultimaltely, both put their claim in front of the British Government, after listening to the both parties, the British Government gave their decision in favor of Wajir Khan.

In this way Wajir Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla in 1809A.D. and Nawab Jamal Khan’s five sons ruled Malerkotla turn by turn. Though Wajir Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla but Rehmat Ali Khan did not agree in his favour throughout his life.

Nawab Wajir Ali Khan who had inherited the throne of Malerkotla with the help of British government remained loyal to the Britishers until the last moment. He supported the Britishers in many wars. During the Gorkha war also he acted in favor of the British government. He remained in the battle field until Amar Singh Thapa backed away. The princely state of Malerkotla not only supported the British army during the Gorkha War but they also sent their canons to help the Britishers.

The entire country was under the rule of British government. As the days went by, the various states of Hindustan were being taken control over by the Britishers. Setting apart their conflicts, many muslim and Sikh ryasats of Punjab were busy in pleasing the British government because the biggest fear to all the states were now by the Britishers. Therefore like many other states of Punjab the Ryasats of Patiala, Nabha and Malerkotla also started to increase their proximity with the British Government. Nawab Wajir Ali Khan had successfully been able to develop this proximity. He died on 7 September, 1821A.D. He was buried in the royal makbras of Malerkotla.

Amir Ali khan was the only son of Nawab Wajir Ali Khan. He ascended the throne after his father’s death in 1821A.D.  During the wasr with Kabul from 1839 A.D. to 1842 A.D, Nawab Amir Ali Khan not only supported the British Government but also took an active part in it. He also sent his army in support of the British in the war againt the Gorkhas. He also supported the British during the war of Mudki and Firozshah. Pleased with these services the British Government The British government in appreciation to his services during the Kabul War gave him the titles of ‘Nawab’ and ‘His Highness’. This title of ‘His Highness’ was used to be given by the British Government only to the very deserving kings. Apart from this he was also given the salute of 9 canons, which was a matter of great pride for him.

His Highness Nawab Amir Ali Khan died on 8 April, 1846 A.D.

On 9 April, 1846 Mehboob Ali Khan urf Subey Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla. He was the only son of Nawab Amir Ali Khan. He was already married to Mehar Begum before he ascended the throne. Two years later, on December 22, 1848A.D, he married a Rajput woman. Mehboob Ali Khan was a very religious minded person. Reading Namaz and the Talawat of Quran Sharif was his everyday habit. He held great respect for not only the Sufis and intellects of Islam but he equally respected the gurus and saints of Hinduism as well as Jainism.

Like his father he was also close to the British Government. Therefore he along with many other princely states helped the British Government during Gadar of 1857A.D.The British Government had also entrusted the security of Ludhiana to the Nawab. In which he had to supervise the Sher Shah Suri Marg (Grand Trunk Road). Apart from this whatever responsibilities were entrusted on him, he fulfilled them in proper manner.

On October 22, 1857A.D the Nawab returned to Malerkotla after the pilgrimage to many pious and religious places. During his journey he developed an ulcer on his stomach. Though he was treated for it but unfortunately the Nawab could not recover and breathed his last on November 30, 1857A.D.

Sikandar Ali Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla in 1857 A.D. Sikandar Ali Khan’s first marriage was solemnized in 1842A.D to Karamat- Un-Nisa Begum who was the daughter of Khan Imam Ali Khan and in 1862 A.D his second marriage was solemnized with Bu Allah-Zorai (Bibi Jiban) who was the daughter of a reputed family Alam Khani (Maruf Barote Wale) of Malerkotla. Another marriage of Nawab Sikandar Ali was solemnized in 1865A.D. at Muhalla Nusrat Khani with the daughter of Altaf Khan. The Nawab had two sons and a daughter from his wives. Unfortunately the Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan’s elder son Nawabzada Gauns Mohammad Khan died of smallpox on December 20,1859A.D, his second son Roshan Ali Khan also died on 11 October, 1861A.D due to illness. Nawab Sahib’s daughter survived for only ten days.

          Nawab Sikandar Ali developed even closer relations with the British Government than his father, due to which he regularly received Sanda (Honorary badge) and titles by the British government. The Nawab not only reformed the administration but also worked towards public welfare. With his efforts an Anglo vernacular school was opened where free education was given. He also established Diwan Khana so that people could get justice and the administration could be run in British manner. For this purpose files were kept and the records were maintained in Urdu and bridges were made on the rain water ponds.   

          Apart from this for the development of the princely state the Nawab with the permission of D.C Ludhiana built a 13 miles road from Malerkotla to Ludhiana, which can be called the most beautiful and busiest road in the city of Malerkotla in the contemporary times. The present big Eidghah was also built by Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan which kept developing with time. The Jama Masjid of the city which was initially built by Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan was also rebuilt. Thus many developments took place during the era of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan. But no special attention was given towards the army and administration due to which the state had to suffer and pay later on.

          On 16 July, 1871A.D before his death Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan appointed his nephew Ibrahim Ali khan who was the son of his brother Dilawar Ali khan as his next heir. This agitated Ghulam Muhammad Khan, the son of Bahadur Khan and grandson of Nawab Jamal Khan. He was Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan’s nephew by relation and the actual successor of the throne. The feudal class related to the Nawab’s opposed his decision. But the Nawab left no stone unturned in pleasing the British Government so that they support his decision. Ultimately the British Government gave decision in favor of the Nawab and Ibrahim Ali Khan was appointed as the successor of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan.

Ibrahim Ali Khan became the ruler of Malekotla in 1871 A.D. He was born on 13 October, 1857A.D in Rehmatgarh. He was an educated and intelligent young man. His primary education was done at The Ward’s Institute, Ambala. He was almost 15 years when he ascended the throne. Considering his age as minor the British government appointed A.G Heath as Supervisor to help him, who was an intelligent person and resolved the dispute between the Nawab and his relatives.

          During all this the Namdhari Sikhs (Kukas) attacked Malerkotla with a motive to abolish the cow slaughter. With an aim to reform the cow butchers they also killed some people. When an action was taken against them they fled to the Patiala Ryasat from where they were caught and around 66 Kukas were arrested. The Deputy Comissioner of Ludhiana Mr. Cowan gave an order of blowing them with canon.

          After taking over the rule, Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan worked towards the betterment of people. He treated all sections of his public equally. He appointed Hindus and Muslims for high positions in his kingdom. He was aware that the British government gave preference to the educated people in the states under them. Therefore the Nawab gave attention towards education not only in the cities but also in the villages under his rule. Many government and private schools were opened during his reign, where children were provided education as free or at very nominal fee.

          In 1884A.D. Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan suffered a mental break down due to the death of his wife and his son Ishaaq Ali Khan. Therefore the British government appointed his second son Ahmad Ali Khan as the Nawab of the Ryasat in 1903 A.D. Since Ahmad Ali Khan was a minor yet so the English government took the administration in their hands and appointed Nawab Sir Amir-Ud-Din (who was the Nawab of Luharu, Rajisthan) as Superintendent to run the administration of the state. Nawab Luharu used to help the Nawab of Malerkotla in running the administration. It was during this time that the rail line from Ludhiana to Jakhal was laid.

          Nawab Ibrahim Ali died on 23 August, 1908A.D. and on 24 September, 1908, Nawab Ahmad Ali was given the complete powers of Nawab.

Since Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan’s mental condition was not stable, so the British government appointed his son Ahmad Ali as the Nawab and the Nawab of Luharu Ryasat was appointed as Superintendent to help him. But after the death of Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan in 1908, Ahmad Ali was formally coronated on 5 January; 1909A.D.and was permanently given the title of Nawab.

          His Highness Nawab Sir Muhammad Ahmad Ali Khan ‘Shaida’ was born on 10 September, 1881A.D. He was a very intelligent, educated and an aware ruler. He was very skilled in sports and shooting. In the first world war of 1914, he not only sent his army to the battle field but also helped the centre with ammunitions. The results of all these could be seen after the victory of Britishers in the First World War. The British gave special Sanads and Raits to the Nawab and his state. The Nawab received the rank of K.C.S.I and K.C.I.E. He was the only Nawab of Malerkotla who got the privilege of getting his name written on the coin of the state.

          To make his kingdom glorious he paid special attention towards the industry. The steel industry was greatly expanded, cotton industries and industries manufacturing parts of cycles were established. With these many people of Malerkotla got employment. The progress done by him can be seen even today. He modernized the system of police and court. The Royal fort ‘Mubarak Manzil’ which was initially started by Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan was completed by Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan. Its magnificent design was made by a British architect. Moti Bazar, Lal Bazar, Sadar Bazar etc. were made for the beautification of the city.

          After 1945, no effect of religious fanaticism could be seen in Malerkotla. The developments done by Nawab Sahib were appreciated even after Independence. Pleased with his services His Imperial Magesty King Emperor gave him the title of Nighthood of Order of the State. The Nawab Malerkotla sent many army troops to help the British during the Second World War also. Showing his loyalty to the British he became a permanent part of the history.

          Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan was a well educated man. He had deep interest and respect for education. He built many government Schools and a college for the common masses of Malerkotla. Many schools and Madrasas were opened in the villages of the state.

          Along with being a well educated man he was also a great poet, so he held great respect for the poets. In the world of poetry he was known with the pen name “Shaida”. As soon as he took the reign of the state on 17 September 1906, he held a big Mushaira in the city.

          It is told that during the partition of India and Punjab, he had seen many incidents of murders and atrocities with his own eyes and many other heart wrenching scenes passed through his eyes, which he could not bear. During all this he fell severely ill and could not recover after that. In such situation he passed away on 16 October, 1947 A.D. 

Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan had six sons. After his death in 1947, his eldest son Iftikhar Ali Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla for some time. Iftikhar Ali Khan was born on 20 May, 1904A.D. He was a well educated ruler. He was brought up in European style. He was a scholar in English, who also liked hunting. He used to go hunting not only in the villages of Malerkotla but also with the Nawab- Kings of the other princely states as well as the British officials.

          Shortly after Iftikhar Ali Khan ascended the throne, the partition of India took place which deteriorated the conditions and situations of the country. The Ryasats had been broken down. Showing his great wisdom in such a situation, he gave up all the rights and privileges of Nawabs and feudal lords, which increased his repute, but spread pessimism in the feudal lords. On 20 August, 1948 A.D. he handed over the administration powers to PEPSU.

          During his short tenure, Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan worked towards the welfare of the common masses as the result of which he had a grand victory in  Pepsu assembly elections in the year 1952 and 1954.

          After 1947, Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan also got the fortune of becoming the first MLA. After him Nawab Sahib’s wife Begum Yusuf Zumma and later Sajida Begum also won the elections of MLA. All these victories are a proof of the masses’ love for the last Nawab. On 20 November, 1982 without leaving a heir, the the Nawab left this mortal world. Like many other Nawabs, he was also buried in the royal Makbras of the city.    

1. The Shrine of Baba Hazrat Sheikh (Dargah Baba Haidar Sheikh):- In 1449 AD, when Baba Hazrat Sheikh Sardar-ud-Din (Reh.) came to India from Afghanistan and settled in a place called Bhumsi (Maler). Where Malerkotla is inhabited today, at that time this area was desolate and the population was very small. In such a place, Baba Hazrat Sheikh built his hut on a high hill and immersed himself in the worship of God. The fame of his spiritual excellence started spreading very quickly among himself and the people. The place where Baba Hazrat Sheikh stayed was actually a collapsed fort of the time of Raja Bhin Sain. After the collapse of this fort, its ruins had taken the form of a high hill. Baba Hazrat Sheikh had chosen that hillock for his residence. At this place, Baba Hazrat Sheikh also built some houses for himself and his disciples and did many renovation works, the traces of which disappeared with time. Baba Hazrat Sheikh's younger son Sheikh Musa had passed away during Baba Ji's life, and Hazrat Sheikh had buried him at this place. Thus, this hillock was not only the residence of Baba Hazrat Sheikh, but if any family member passed away, he was buried at this place. When Baba Hazrat Sheikh passed away in 1515 AD, he was also buried at this place (along with the grave of his son Sheikh Musa). By the time of Baba Hazrat Sheikh's death, many people had settled in this high hillock and the area around it. Among them were the family members of Baba Hazrat Sheikh, disciples and many people who loved Baba Hazrat Sheikh, who had come from far and wide, impressed by Baba Ji's good nature and spiritual perfection. After the death of Baba Ji, his son Sheikh Isa preserved the grave of his father Hazrat Sheikh Sahib because many people used to visit this place even after the death of Baba Hazrat Sheikh and this place had taken the form of a small dargah with time. Later, Sheikh Isa and his brother Sheikh Hassan were also buried at this place. Baba Hazrat Sheikh's second wife Murtaza Begum (Bibi Rajan) was also buried at this place. After the death of Baba Ji, many amazing events were also associated with this place. The most famous of which is the 7 feet high stone wall built around this dargah. For centuries, the common people have believed that this wall was built in just one night by the jinn (Genie), who were the disciples of Baba Hazrat Sheikh. Although there is no solid evidence of this in history, the fact that this wall has stood without any cement till date is also an example. The small mihrabs built in this wall and the many designs made on them are examples of ancient Afghan buildings. At present, there is a very beautiful Dargah of Baba Hazrat Sheikh Sardar-ud-Din (Reh.) at this place. Where lakhs of people attend every year and a small or big fair is held at this Dargah on the first moon night of every month, but the biggest fair is held on Jumeirat (Thursday) in Namani (in the month of June). In which people from all over the country arrive.


2. The very First Mosque of Malerkotla - The very first Mosque of Malerkotla The construction of the mosque was also done by the founder of Malerkotla, Baba Hazrat Sheikh Sadar-ud-Din (Reh.). As was mentioned earlier, that Baba Ji performed many charitable works for the well-being of himself and for his disciples; among those works, the work of building a small mosque is also included. In this mosque, Baba Ji would worship God and offer prayers. This mosque is still present today inside the shrine of Baba Hazrat Sheikh Next to this mosque, a well was also built, and some part of it has still been preserved as an evidence/monument at the same place.


3. The Shrine of Baba Mahmood Ali khan :- From among the descendants of Baba Hazrat Sheikh , there was a noble elder, Baba Ji Mahmood Ali Khan His shrine is located behind the locality of the Chuhatta, in a small cemetery. (which is the writer’s elders’ cemetery.) In that cemetery, the noble elder Baba Ji Mahmood Ali Khan during the time of Nawab Ghulam Husain Khan, attained martyrdom jung of Malerkotla .It is said that when Baba Ji Mahmood Ali Khan learned that an attack was going to be carried out on their city of Malerkotla by the enemies, then he sat undera tree and remained absorbed inthe worship of God. As soon as he received the news of the battle, he prayed to God, took up a sword in his hand, and after mounting on his horse, he entered the battlefield to drive the enemies away. In that battle, he kept fighting until the enemies did not retreat; in the end, he attained martyr domin that very battle.


4. The Shrine of Baba Bodley Sahib: - In Malerkotla a noble elder The Sufi Baba Bodley Sahib is also very famous. His shrine is located on the Sirhind Road. Notably, this path is from the shrine of Baba Bodley Sahib to It begins here. The real name of Bodle Sahib was Bnu-Amin, and his father’s name was Shams-ul-Qamar who was from Kandahar (Kabul). From childhood, Baba Bodle Sahib was a person of good intentions and character; and even his elders were very religious and strict in observing devotion. His education and studies in Qur’an-based matters and local traditions happened in the company of a great Sufi elder. After acquiring knowledge of Islam as the path of the religion, at the command of his spiritual guide (Ustad), he went from Punjab to Malerkotla After arriving here, by observing one place at a time, he devoted himself to the worship of God. At that time, in the region of Malerkotla, Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan ruled.


5. Historical monuments of Jamalpur:- Nawab Jamal Khan built during his reign He established Jamalpur within it, and around it, a solid enclosure was also built. Two gateways were placed in that enclosure. Inside the enclosure, many neighborhoods were laid out. A jailhkhana, a kotwali, and even an office/quadrant were also built for government work. Because after being unable to manage the king’s affairs for a long enough time, only later did he have to endure attacks from Patiala and several other regions; therefore, his great time was spent fighting with other regions. Even his life/mind was spent fighting in the battlefield (Maidan-e-Jang). Despite going through such circumstances, he did many works in Jamalpur. Some of those constructions are still visible today in the Jamalpur area of Malerkotla. Although in many places old historical monuments have been replaced with new ones and the gateways leading into Jamalpur have also been rebuilt on a new design, even today many neighborhoods still bear names from the time of Jamal Khan. In this way, when describing the royal historical monuments of Malerkotla, it was also considered necessary to mention the ancient historical monuments of Jamalpur.


6. Shrine of Baba Atma Ram: - The shrine of Baba Atma Ram is nearEidgah. It is located on the west side. This is one of the oldest temples of Mlyrkotl, toward which people who believe in the Hindu faith have great respect. The period of Baba Atma Ram and the time of Baba Bodle Sahib were almost the same. At that time, in Malerkotla Nawab Gulam Hussain Khan, the son of Nawab S herMuhammad Khan, was ruling. He served as Nawab of M alerkotla from 1712 A.D. to 1717 A.D., for a total of five years. After that, he handed over the royal throne to his brother Jamal Khan, who ruled as the ruler of Malerkotla until 1755 A.D. People hold Baba Atma Raminhighesteem, believing that he was a highlyrevered religious saint. As soon as his feet fell in Malerkotla many extraordinary events occurred, whose account is found in several writings and books written about Baba Atma Ram Sahib, andinthe scriptures


7. Gurdwara Singh Sabha:- This Gurdwara Sahib was built in 1907 by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan for the wishes of the trustees, on the direction of Sant Baba Atar Singh Ji. The Nawab Sahib granted 16 bighas of land forthe gurdwara, and it was constructed at his own expense. To lay the foundation stone of this gurdwara, the Nawab Sahib also brought Sant Baba Atar Singh Ji from Malerkotla to do so. While taking care of the Gurdwara Singh Sabha and directing the management, some land in Riyasat was also allotted in the name of the gurdwara. The arrangement for the stay of arriving guests from outside was also made within the gurdwara. A committee of some Sikh Sahibans was formed, whichunderthe leadership of Nawab Sahib used to look after the Gurdwara. Later, the Nawab's involvement in the affairs of the Gurdwara decreased and The committee only began to run/maintainthese arrangements of the Gurdwara Sahib.


8. Jain Samadhan (Jain Tradition Faith):- The Jain temples in history people call “Jain Smādh" are also part of Malerkotla history. It is said that in 1840, during the time of the great saint of Jain religion, Sant Shri Rati Raj Ji Maharaj, who was residing in MalerKotla, they were naturally affected by some dangerous disease. His treatment was still going on when some mischievous/rash people spread a rumor that the saint of Jain religion is the subject of such a disease which can never be cured, and that from him, very terrible stench is coming. They said that if that saint were not quickly taken out of Malerkotla , then there would be a danger of the disease spreading in the city because of him. This news reached Nawab Maheboob Ali Khan (Sube Khan). Nawab Sahib did not believe the spoken heard stories and rumors. Therefore, he decided to meet Sant Shri Rati Raj Ji Maharaj himself. Many people stopped Nawab Sahib from doing so and said that the saint’s disease could also affect them. However, Nawab Sahib did not rely on others’ words; he went there immediately and became amazed after seeing it. There was no stench coming from Sant Ji—instead, a very pleasant fragrance was emanating. Seeing this, Nawab Sahib became very happy and And the Nawab has decided that Santji will stay in Malerkotla as long as he wants, no one will remove him from here. From that time onward, a strong faith/bond between Jain andthese traditions/temples has beenattached.


9. Jain Temple:- In 1887 AD, the first Jain temple was built at Mohalla Thathiarayan in Malerkotla. This service was performed by two Bharas, Lal Basti Ram and Lal Balak Ram Ji. After the establishment of this temple, many renowned scholars and sages of Jainism visited Malerkotla. Among them, the name of Acharya Shri Muni Atma Raj Ji can be specially mentioned. Apart from these, many religious personalities used to visit Malerkotla from time to time. But after the establishment of this temple, some differences of opinion also emerged. Some people who followed Jainism were in favor of idol worship in this temple and some were against it. Due to this religious difference, lawsuits were filed between both the sects and the dispute reached Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan. But Nawab Sahib hesitated to give a decision in the religious matter. As a result, the services of an English judge, Mr. Fackfield, were obtained from Ludhiana and the dispute was finally settled. After this, many Jain temples were built in Malerkotla, but this temple, being the first Jain temple in Malerkotla, retains its historical identity.


10. Jama Masjid Malerkotla:- Near Mohalla Dhabi Gate is the Jama Masjid of Malerkotla. It was built by Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan. At that time, it was also named “Nawab Sher Muhammad Masjid”, but later it came to be called Jama Masjid of Malerkotla. During the time of Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan, this mosque was not very big, but during the time of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan, this mosque was rebuilt, the five-domed part of which is still present in the same shape. The Gallery (verandah) part was built later, so its roof is different and higher than the front part. In 1955-56 AD, the outer part and the gate of the Jama Masjid were rebuilt. Tall minarets were built on both its ends and some shops were also built, later the outer part was decorated with beautiful carvings of verses of the Quran. Thus, the structure of Jama Masjid kept changing from time to time. At present, Jama Masjid has become much bigger than before and thousands of people offer prayers in it every Friday. The salary of the Imam Sahib and Muezzin of Jama Masjid was earlier paid by the princely state of Malerkotla, but now it is paid by the Punjab government.


11. Sikandar Manzil (Sikandar Palace) :— Nawab Sikander Ali Khan built a beautiful round Building during his reign, which was named Sikander Manzil. This Building was built keeping in mind the new architectural design of the British era, departing from the style of old buildings. Initially, this house was used for residence, later the office work of the state was also carried out in this Building. Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan had written this Building in his Mehar when he married his fourth wife Sajida Begum. After which Sajida Begum sold this building to other Dipartment. In which the Income Tax office continued to function for a long time. Sajida Begum Sahiba built Sajida Colony around this building, which still exists.


12. Diwan Khana and Sheesh Mahal:- Nawab SikandarAli Khan his During the reign two-storey Deewan Khana was constructed. On both sides of the third storey, two small miniature courtyards gate-like wings were built. On these, the seal mark of the state of MalerKotla was affixed. Within the Diwan Khana, administrative work was conducted in a regular systematic manner. Sitting inthe Diwan Khana, Nawab Sahib listened to people’s matters and gave decisions. On the right and left sides of Nawab Sahib’s chair were the chairs of the big jagirdars and officials of the state. According to the closeness in their blood line with the noble family and to Baba Hazrat Sheikh (Reh ) that Jagirdar’s chair was placed closer to Nawab Sahib and he had the same control over the jageer as well. In the hall of the Diwan Khana, there are rooms around, and balconies were built above them for the sitting of the ladies. During the state’s time, when Nawab Sahib’s court was held in the Diwan Khana, the ladies would sit on the balconies and watch, and when necessary they would also offer their advice. In these balconies, there is a beautiful Sheesh Mahal one part of it was built alongside the Divan Khana during the time of Nawab Sikander Ali Khan. Whereas some part of this Sheesh Mahal was built later, from 1909 onwards, during the reign of Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan. Both parts of the Sheesh Mahal are unique in their own design. On their walls, doors and arched openings, very beautiful work of glass inlay and craftsmanship was done. In the portionon the side facing the courtyard and onthe passage anternarea, by means of golden water passages, very beautiful inscriptions designs were created. After seeing them, no one can remain without being captivated by its beauty.
13. Sahi Masjid (Royal Mosque) :- On the very right side of the Diwan Khana, towards the road, is the Shahi Masjid. Which was built by Fatima Begum. Earlier, the gate of this mosque was towards the Diwan Khana, later it was separated from the Diwan Khana and its gate was made towards the road outside. The salary of the Imam of the mosque, which was earlier given by the state of Malerkotla, is now given by the Punjab government. The Imam of this mosque is also known as the Shahi Imam in Malerkotla. This mosque is not very big, but since it is from the royal period, it has its own unique historical identity.


14. Riyasti Imambada :- During the time of the Malerkotla state, Imam Baras were built for Shia Muslims, which are still present today. Religious programs are held in these Imam Baras, especially during the month of Muharram. Shia Muslims come from all over Punjab to participate in them. Many Nawabs and Jagirdars of Malerkotla also took special care of the month of Muharram. Among them, the name of Nawabzada Ahsan Ali Khan, nephew of Nawab Sikander Ali Khan, can be mentioned. Who also built an Imam Bara along with the Diwan Khana, which is still known as “Imam Bara Ahsaniya”. There is a Shia Muslim mosque behind this Imam Bara, which was built by Nawab Zulfikar Ali Khan. Similarly, an Imam Bara was built by Wife of Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan. What is now called the Government Imam Bara is located a short distance from the Deewana Khana, towards Delhi Gate.


15. The Kukka Samarg :- During the British rule, Namdhari Sikhs launched many movements against the British Empire. These included boycotting goods made by the British, criticizing English education and opposing the laws made by the British. Namdharis were also against cow slaughter, they launched many movements against cow slaughter in Punjab. With this view and objective, they attacked the state of Malerkotla in 1872 AD, where they wanted to reform the cow slaughterers and free the cows from the butchers. For this purpose, they killed some of the cow slaughterers. Seeing the unrest spreading in Malerkotla, Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan of Malerkotla took action against them. Out of which 66 Namdharis (Kukas) were arrested and the rest also went to Patiala state and took refuge. A case was registered against these arrested Kukas and handed over to the British government. After this, the Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana British Division, Mr. Cowan took strict action against the Kukas and issued orders to shoot them with cannons. Surely, this beautiful pillar of the martyrdom of the Namdhari Sikhs (Kukas) presents an example of their courage, bravery and patriotism against the British.


16. Mubarak Manzil Mahal:- The construction of this magnificent building was started by Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan, which was completed by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan. Its beautiful design was made by a British architect. Its balconies on all sides, very neatly built rooms, round arches, high pillars and gilded dots for the balconies according to the British Art, beautiful mirrors of many colors for doors and windows and thick walls plastered with lime are examples in themselves. In many places, floral decorations on the walls and ceilings make them even more beautiful. The magnificent wooden staircase and ceiling inside the blessed floor still captivate the minds of the visitors. When viewed from the outside, this building presents a glimpse of a British palace.


17. Eidgah Malerkotla (Eidgah Mosque):- Among the extremely beautiful buildings that identify Malerkotla, the name of Eidgah can be taken as the first. It is considered to be the most beautiful Eidgah not only in Punjab but also in Asia. The Eidgah was built by Nawab Sikander Ali Khan. At that time, it was limited to a platform of about 6 bighas. As the population of Malerkotla increased, the space for offering Eid prayers decreased, and the worshipers had to offer prayers in the fields adjacent to the Eidgah. Keeping this need in mind, the area of the Eidgah was increased from time to time and the adjoining lands were purchased. In 1965 AD, the foundation stone of the present Eidgah was laid anew by Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan. Domes and minarets were built on the lines of the Masjid Nab'bi (Mosque of Macca). Mughal-style arches were built and a beautiful fountain pond was built in the center for performing ablutions. The rest of the land was planted with flowers and trees and given the shape of a park. In this way, this mosque, built for offering Eid prayers, took the form of a very attractive garden.


18. Shrine of Bibi Maango :- Founder of Malerkotla Hazrat Sheikh Sarad-ud-Din daughter of Din, Haizab Begum, whom people know by the name Bibi Maango; like her father, she was very virtuous and the owner holderof a Sufi saint lysine age. The shrine of Bibi Maango is right next to Eidgah. Her birth in1471 is said to have taken place. She became learned and pious under the supervision of her father Hazrat She in the matter of her spiritual upbringing, who made Bibi Maango’s life noble and blessed. Besides this, several incidents occurred inher life which turned her mind away from worldly life. She was, like her father Hazrat Sheikh Sadar-ud-Din (Reh.), a great master of piety and spiritual excellences, and it is said that she performed the Hajj by walking on foot, covering the journey from Malerkotla to Mecca. Besides this, Bibi Maango spent her entire life in the worship of God. Although after Baba Hazrat Sheikh their sons continued their father’s legacy further, their sons, Isa and the descendants, established the small areas surrounding Baba Hazrat Sheikh the localities into Malerkotla to make it prosperous. However, Bibi Maango remained always devoted to the worship of God, regardless of all these things. After Hazrat Sheikh she also educated many people and guided them into Islamic knowledge. As people came before her, with time, more and more people became her disciples and devoted followers. Even today, many people, after visiting the shrine of Baba Hazrat Sheikh consider the visiting of Bibi Maango Ji’s shrine to be very blessed and full of blessings.


19. Fasil (Built) Malerkotla and its famous Gates:- Nawab Bayazid Ali Khan, who not only settled 'Kotla' near 'Maler' (from which Malerkotla came to be) but also built a strong wall (a thick wall) around 'Kotla' to protect his settled 'Kotla' from outside attacks, in fact, "Kotla" is called a walled settlement (area). Big towers were built on all four corners of this thick wall. On which guards used to stand and keep watch. 7 gates were also placed in this wall and there were guards at each gate, these gates were closed at night. The direction of each gate was kept towards some cities or areas. Like the direction of 'Sirhindi Gate' gate was towards Sirhind. The ‘Sunami Gate’ gate opened towards Sunam and the ‘Delhi Gate’ gate faced the road leading to Delhi. Similarly, the other gates opened towards different directions of Kotla like ‘Sherwani Gate’ was towards the road leading to Sherwani Kot village of Malerkotla state, which is also known as Kelon Gate today. Similarly, ‘Dhabi Gate’ opened towards the Dhab of the city and ‘Mandi Gate’ was built to go to the Mandi. The seventh gate was ‘Maleri Gate’ which was to go from Kotla to Maler. This gate has now collapsed and was located in the Pipal Wala Chowk of Malerkotla. The rest of the gates have been rebuilt so that the old memory of history can remain. Some people consider the gate leading from Moti Bazar to Maler to be the Maleri Gate. Whereas that gate was built several hundred years later by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan when he was building the Moti Bazaar.


20. Qila (Fort) Rehmatgarh: - The fort of Rahmatgarh, which represents the glory of the Malerkotla state, is built on the Nabha road. Nawab Ataullah Khan built this magnificent fort in 1796 AD. The name of the fort was given by the Nawab after his son Rahmat Ali Khan. The main reason for building this fort was to keep Malerkotla safe from external attacks. Because during the time of Nawab Ataullah Khan, the relations of the state of Malerkotla were not going well with many other states. Especially, Ataullah Khan had to fight wars with Nabha, Patiala and many states adjacent to them during his reign. At present, this fort has taken the form of ruins. Its crumbling 10-foot-wide walls, large doors with round arches like Mughal buildings, three-story rooms and towers built on all four corners, describe the splendor of the Malerkotla state. The collapsed court hall of the Nawab of Malerkotla inside the fort, the women's quarters for the royal women and the armory for the army have turned into ruins. Present time, some arches and walls are taking their last breath. Along with the fort, there was a provision for the army of the state to stay and rest, the traces of which have also been erased now. The main gate of the fort, which opened towards the city, used to be the High Court of the state, which was built 100 years after the fort was built, during the time of Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan. The small courts of the state were located inside the city. The decisions that could not be settled in them were heard in the High Court of the state. Above this High Court was the Diwan-e-Khas of Nawab Sahib, like the Supreme Court, in which the Nawab Sahib used to sit. Only the Nawab Sahib had the authority to change the decision of the High Court. Therefore, if any citizen of the state was not happy with the decision of the lower court and the High Court, he could present his complaint before the Nawab Sahib. Due to lack of maintenance, this building built for the court work of the state is also becoming a ruin like a fort. The big difference between this building and the building of Fort Rehatgarh is that the design of the building built for the court of the state is according to the Victorian style and the design of the fort building is according to the Mughal style.


21. Royal Tombs (Shahi Maqbare):- In 1857 AD, Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan made many reforms after assuming the throne of the state of Malerkotla. An important work done by Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan is the construction of royal tombs. Before this, there were tombs of a total of 11 Nawabs at this place: Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan, Nawab Ghulam Hussain Khan, Nawab Jamal Khan, Nawab Bhikhan Khan, Nawab Bahadur Khan, Nawab Umar Khan, Nawab Asadullah Khan, Nawab Ataullah Khan, Nawab Wazir Khan, Nawab Amir Khan, Nawab Mehboob Ali Khan. With the passage of time, the traces of many tombs were also getting erased. Keeping these things in mind, Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan had tombs built on the graves of many Nawabs and had the existing tombs renovated. The most beautiful tomb was built for himself by Sikandar Ali Khan during his lifetime. It was placed right in front of the main gate of the tombs. After the death of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan, he and his wife were buried in this tomb. From the time of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan, this cemetery started being called the Royal Tombs and members of the Nawab dynasty started being buried here. Later, Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan, Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan and Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan were also buried here. Apart from this, there were some personalities whose graves were not in these tombs. Due to their closeness to the Nawab family, they were also buried in these tombs. If we talk about the beauty of the royal tombs, then all the tombs are made of Lakhori bricks and lime. The tomb of Nawab Sikandar Ali Khan, the founder of the tombs, is much more beautiful than the tombs of the other Nawabs. It has a large round dome, small minarets on all sides, windows on all sides and a shed extending like a veranda, very beautiful lattices add to its beauty. Here and there, designs made with beautiful colors can also be seen on the walls, arches and roof. Magnificent Mughal style designs are also seen in the gates, windows and lattices of many other tombs. Over time and due to lack of maintenance, these tombs (Maqbare) are not only losing their beauty, but are also turning into ruins due to mismanagement.


22. Moti Bazaar (Moti Market):- In 1903 AD, Ahmed Ali Khan became the Nawab of Malerkotla. He was very young at that time. But as soon as he took over the responsibility of the Nawab, he started working to make the Malerkotla state beautiful. One of the first works he did was the construction of Moti Bazaar. This market was built with the intention of connecting both the parts of ‘Maler’ and ‘Kotla’. Therefore, with the construction of Moti Bazaar between Maler and Kotla, both the parts became one. Many other markets were also built along with this market. Like Sadar Bazaar, Bans Bazaar and Lal Bazaar etc. Lal Bazaar was named Jaafar Ganj at that time, which later became famous as Lal Bazaar. Many gates were also built to access all these markets. Out of which Maleri Gate and Mandi Gate are still present today. The specialty of Moti Bazaar is its magnificent design which reflected the passion of the rulers of the state. This entire market is built on two floors. There are shops built in the same shape on the lower part and houses built in the same design on the upper part. The doors, windows, stairs, skylights, Mughal-style arches and balconies of the shops and the houses built above are designed in exactly the same shape. The gates of the shops and stairs are also made of the same size. This is the important feature of this market. Nowadays, a large part of Moti Bazaar has disappeared. Like many other buildings in Malerkotla, this market is also collapsing day by day due to lack of proper maintenance.


23. Gurdwara Haa Da Naara Sahib:- A Gurdwara Ha'a Da Na'ara Sahib is also established on the land of Malerkotla. Which refreshes the memory of the 'Haa da Naara' raised by the Nawab Sher Mohammad Khan in favor of the children of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. "Ha'a Da Na'ara" refers to when the two innocent sons of Sikh Guru Gobind Ji, Zorawar Singh Ji and Fateh Singh Ji, were ordered to be hanged alive in the walls by the Nawab of Sirhind, then Nawab Malerkotla Sher Muhammad Khan raised his voice in their favor, that is, mercy should be shown to these innocent children and they should not be hanged alive in the walls like this. This voice raised by Nawab Malerkotla in the name of the innocent children is remembered in Punjab as "Yes slogan" and this gurdwara has also been built in memory of the voice of that right. This Gurdwara was built by the Sikhs of this place in 1980 AD and the last Nawab of Malerkotla, Iftikhar Ali Khan, donated his land for this Gurdwara. Therefore, this Gurdwara Ha'a Da Na'ara Sahib, a symbol of love, is a sign of Sikh-Muslim love. People from far and wide come to Malerkotla to see and pay homage to it.


24. Hanuman Temple:- The Hanuman Temple built along the Talab Bazaar is also one of the important religious places of Malerkotla. The Hanuman Temple was built in 1964 AD. Since then, the devotion of many people has been associated with this temple, and the number of devotees visiting the temple has been increasing day by day compared to the past. Every year, many devotees who follow Hindu religion come to this temple from different states of India. Many devotees believe that they have seen many miracles in this temple, due to which their devotion and faith have increased. Considering the demand and need of the people, many construction works have been done in it by the people in charge of serving the temple. For example, new rooms have been built for devotees coming from outside. The temple has a big hall and parking arrangements. Space has been made for various programs. There are idols of many gods and goddesses in the temple. Among them are very beautiful statues of Durga Mata, Kali Mata, Shri Radha Krishna Ji, Baba Balak Nath Ji and Shiva Ji. The main attraction of this temple is the huge statue of Shri Hanuman Ji. The height of which is more than 65 feet. Many people reach this temple every day to have darshan of this statue.


25. Kali Mata Temple:- The Kali Mata temple built near the Malerkotla Bus Stand is a very sacred place for the Hindu brothers here. This ancient temple is about 400 years old. With which many people have attached their devotion. As soon as you enter the temple, there is a statue of Kali Mata in front. Along with which 9 forms of Kali Mata are shown. Apart from this, there are also statues of Lakshmi Narayan Ji, Shri Hanuman Ji, Shri Ramlala Ji and Radhe Krishna Ji. In this temple, almost all the gods like Surya Dev, Chandra Dev and Mangal Dev can be seen. Thus, this temple holds great devotion for the Hindu brothers of Malerkotla. The light (Jot) of Mata Rani is always lit in the temple, which the coming devotees visit. Every Tuesday and Saturday, there is a lot of excitement in this temple.